一．一般如今时
1.?规划
必定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称奇数+其他
否定句式: 主语+（助动词） dont +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式: do/does+主语+动词原形+其他
简略答复: (肯)yes,主语+do/does ??????(否)no,主语+do/does not
缩写方法: ?dont = does not
例句：he often goes swimming in summer. ???????
??????i?usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2.用法
1）标明常常的、习气性的动作或存在的状况，常与标明频度的副词连用。
常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on sundays.频度副词在句中一般放内行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。
例如: he often goes swimming in summer.
?????i usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2）标明主语具有的性格、特征和才能等。
例如：all my family love football .??????my sister is always ready to help others .
??????ann writes good english but does not speak well.
3)标明客观真理、客观存在、天然表象。
例如：the earth moves around the sun.
　 ???shanghai lies in the east of china.
4）标明按方案或组织好的，或即将发生的动作，可用一般如今时表将来。
但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。
例如：the train leaves at six tomorrow morning. ??????
??????he comes back tonight.
5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时刻或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般如今时来标明将来要发生的动作。
例如： ill tell him the news when he comes back.
???????if you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
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二．一般曩昔时态
1.?规划
必定句式: 主语+动词曩昔式+其他
否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式: did+主语+动词原形+其他
简略答复: (肯)yes,主语+did ??????(否)no,主语+did not
根柢规划
否定句
一般疑问句
be动词
was/were+not
was/were提前，放于句首
行为动词
didn’t+do(动词原形）
did+主语+do（动词原形）
2.用法
1）标明曩昔某一时刻或某一段时刻里所发生的动作或情况。常和标明曩昔的时刻状语yesterday, ???just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用
例如：where did you go just now?
??????after a few years, she started to play the piano.
2）标明在曩昔，常常或重复发生的动作。常与often,always等标明频度的副词连用。
例如：when i was a child, i often played football in the street.
??????我是个孩子的时分，常在马路上踢足球。?
3）一般曩昔式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等体如今的时刻状语连用，但这些时刻状语须指曩昔的时刻，决不包括“如今”“此时此时”的意思。
例如：did you see him today?今日你看见他了吗？
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三．一般将来时
1.?规划
规划1：
必定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他
否定句式：主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他
一般疑问句式：助动词will+主语+动词原形+其他
简略答复：在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll，wii not常简缩为won’t。
?
在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（i和we）时，常用助动词shall。
例如：she’ll go to play basketball.
??????shall we go to the zoo?
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规划2：
必定句式：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他
否定句式：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式：be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
简略答复：（肯）yes,主语+be ?????????（否）no,主语+be not
2.用法
1）标明将来某个时刻要发生的动作或存在的状况，常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等连用。?????????????????????
例如：ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
2）、标明说话人关于将来的观点、假定和估测，一般用于be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后边的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。
例如：i think she’ll go back home for supper. ??????
???????maybe she’ll go to the gym.
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将来时其他标明法
1）be going to标明将来
标明说话人的方案、方案、组织或根据痕迹判别必定或很可以发生的作业。
例如：what are you going to do tomorrow?
??????the play is going to be produced next month。
?
留心：be going to 和will之间的差异。
l?在时刻上：be going to一般标明马上要发生或恰当快就要发生的作业；而will不指明任何具体时刻，可以指悠远的将来。
he is going?to be better.
he will be better.
l?方案/暂时：两者都标明意图时，be going to富含预先方案、预备的意思；will则指未经过预先思考或方案，是暂时的一种抉择。
????— what are you going to do next sunday?
????— im going to go fishing.
????— where is the telephone book?
????— ill go and get it for you. ?
?
l?两者都用于猜测时，be going to意指有痕迹标明某件事即将发生，属客观的估测；will则意指说话人认为/信赖某件事即将发生，属片面的估测。
l?在条件状语从句中，be going to表将来,will表自愿。
例如：if you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
　 ???miss gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.
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2）“be?to+动词原形”标明客观组织或受人指示而即将做某事。
例如：we are to discuss the report next saturday.
3）be about to +动词原形，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等标明清楚将来时的时刻状语连用，多于when引导的时刻状语连用。
例如：he is about to leave for beijing.
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四．如今进行时
1.?规划：
am/is/are+动词的如今分词
2.?用法：
1）标明如今（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等时刻状语连用。注：假定句首有警示性动词look、listen等，主句的动词也与如今进行时连用。
例如：we are waiting for you now.
??????listen! the bird is singing in the tree.
2）.标明现期间（说话前后一段时刻内），一向在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如：mr. green is writing another novel.　他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状况。）
?????he is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一向在思考这个疑问。
3）.标明重复发生的动作或持续存在的状况，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，一般带有说话人的片面颜色。
例如：you are always changing your mind.
4）.标明没有结束的骤变进程，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如：the leaves are turning red.
　　 ?its getting warmer and warmer.
?5）、标明移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其如今进行时可表将来。
例如：im leaving tomorrow. 明日我要走了。
??????the train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
注：不能用进行时态的动词
品种
举例
感官类
see,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel
感触类
love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer
认知类
believe,think,understand,forget,remember
存在类
appear,exist,lie,remain
占有、隶属类
have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of
时刻短动作类
accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish
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五．如今结束时
1.?规划：
必定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词曩昔分词-ed
???否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词曩昔分词-ed
????一般疑问句：have(has)+ 主语+动词曩昔分词-ed+？
????特别疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词曩昔分词-ed+？
2.用法
意义：如今结束时用来标明如今之前已发生或结束的动作或状况，但其成果却和如今有联络, 也就是说, 动作或状况发生在曩昔但它的影响如今还存在。
1）如今结束时一般同标明不断定的曩昔时刻状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等???mr. wang has just come back from america. 王先生刚从美国回来。
???i haven’t seen much of him recently ?(lately). ?????????
???we have seen that film before. ??????????
???have they found the missing child yet?
如今结束时中的时刻状语：
★already一般用于必定句中，意为―现已，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，标明惊奇。
例如：we have already cleaned the classroom. ??????
??????have you finished it already？ ???
★yet用于疑问句中标明―现已；用于否定句中，标明还(没)。
例如：—has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ ?????
??????—no, not yet. ?是, 还没有。 ?
★ever意为早年，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和曩昔分词之间，标明从曩昔到当前中止的时刻。
例如： have you ever been there？你早年去过那里吗？ ??????
???????nothing has ever happened here. 这儿未曾发生过啥事。 ?
★never意为（早年）从未、没有, 是不是定副词，在句中位于助动词和曩昔分词之间。ever与否定词not连用恰当于never。例如： ??????
i haven’t ever spoken to her. = i have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 ?
★just意为―刚刚, 用于如今结束时, 标明行为刚刚曩昔, 位于助动词与曩昔分词之间。 ?
e.g. he has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。 ?
★ just now意为―方才, 标明曩昔某时, 用于一般曩昔时, 位于句首或句尾均可。
e.g. he came from school just now.他方才从学校回来。 ?
★for 和since的用法及差异。for 与一段时刻连用，since 与时刻点连用。留心：since 后接曩昔时的时刻状语或曩昔时的语句。
e.g. i have been to shanghai twice since 1970. ?????????
???i haven’t seen her since she left shanghai. ???????????????
???i saw ping ping six years ago. since i havenever seen her. ?
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的差异。 ??????
have/ has gone to ??去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来 ?????
have/ has been to ??早年去过, 人现已回来了 ??????
have/ has been in ??现已在, 常与一段时刻连用 ??????
e.g. she has been to shanghai before. ?她早年曾去过上海。 ????????
???she has been in shanghai for ten years. ?她在上海10年了。 ?????????
???has he gone to qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 have you gone to qingdao?2）、如今结束时还可用来标明曩昔发生的动作一向连续到如今，常带有for或since 等标明一段时刻的状语。
如：mr wang has lived here since 1983.
????i haven’t seen much of him recently ?(lately). ?????????
????we have seen that film before. ??????????
????have they found the missing child yet?
3）、如今结束时片刻间动词即中止性动词不能与标明一段时刻的状语连用。
常见中止性动词与连续性动词 (或状况动词) 的对应联络如下:
come / go / arrive / get / reach / move— be in/at
open — be open ???????????????die — be dead ?????????????
close — be closed ??????????????become —be ??????????????????
borrow — keep ????????????????put on — wear
buy — have ?????????????

??????leave —– be away (from) ???
begin / start —– be on ???????????fall asleep —- be asleep
end/finish —– be over ???????????catch a cold —– have a cold
join the army —- be in the army, ?be a soldier
join the party—- be in the party , be a party member
例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。
jim bought this pen two years ago.
jim has had this pen for two years.
jim has had this pen since two years ago.
??????jim has had

this pen since 2007
??????it is two years since jim bought this pen.
4）.在标明“迩来几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时刻状语中，谓语动词用如今结束时。
　　in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
5）.标明“第几回做某事，”或在 “it is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that” 后边跟如今结束时。
　　例：this is my first time that i have visited china.
　　 ???this is the most interesting film i have ever seen.
　　 ???that is the only book that he has written.
6）have / has been to + 地址 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含当前已不在该地仅标明当事人的一种阅历而已。 have / has gone to + 地址 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已脱离原地去了某地”之意，可是不是抵达了某地尚不断定。 如：he has gone to shanghai. 他去了上海。??
????????he has been to shanghai. 他去过了上海。
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六．曩昔结束时
1.?规划：
助动词had＋动词曩昔分词
2.?用法：
1）、标明在曩昔某一时刻或动作早年已结束的行为或存在的状况。即发生的时刻是曩昔的曩昔。常与“by the end of/by/before+曩昔时刻”构成的短语连用。
例如：the train had already left before we arrived. ??????
??????he said that he had learned some english before.
??????by the end of last term, we had learned five english songs.
2）标明在曩昔某一动作之前就现已发生或结束了的动作；常用when,before,after等引导的从句作为动作发生时刻先后的比照，先发生的动作用曩昔结束时，后发生的动作用一般曩昔时。
??when i got to the railway station, the train had already left.
??当我抵达火车站时，火车现已开走了
??his father had worked in a tv factory for five years before he came here.
??父亲来这之前，在一家电视机厂作业了5年。
3）标明曩昔未曾完成的方案、期望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。
例如：we had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时咱们期望你能来，可是你没有来。
??????i had thought that all knew about it.我认为他们都晓得这件事呢。
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七．曩昔进行时
1.?规划：
was/were+动词的如今分词(–ing)
2.用法：
1）标明曩昔某一时刻或某一段时刻正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时刻常用一个短语或时刻状语从句来标明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时刻状语从句等。
???my family were watching tv at that time yesterday.
???when i arrived,tom was talking on the phone.
???what were you doing at 9:00 o’clock yesterday morning.
?留心：（1）以when引导的时刻状语从句中，从句动作，主句用曩昔进行时，标明一个动作发生时，
???????????另一个动作正在进行。 ??????
???????????when he called me , i was having dinner . ??????
??????（2）以while引导的时刻状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在曩昔某一时刻一起进行，while常
???????????译为“当……的时分，一起”。 ???????
???????????tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching tv .
2）、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的曩昔进行时，可以标明曩昔即将发生的动作。
例如：she told me that she was going to hainan for her holiday.
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8．曩昔将来时态
标明曩昔的某时今后即将发生的动作。但这个时刻绝不会延伸到―如今；而仅限于―曩昔时刻区域内。由此可以看出，含这个时态的语句常带一个标明―曩昔某个时刻点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个语句。这个时态常用于： ?
1.规划
a)would/should+动词原形 ??????
b)was/were going to+动词原形
2.用法
1）、标明从曩昔某时看即将发生的动作或存在的状况。常用于主句是一般曩昔时的宾语从句或直接引语中。
例如：he said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.
??????他说他会在九点之前结束作业。
??????when i thought about it , i wondered what their reaction would be .
??????当我思考这件事时，我想晓得他们的反应是啥。
2）、标明曩昔的某种习气性动作，只能用would。
例如：whenever he has been in trouble,?we would give him a hand.
?????每当他遇到困难时，咱们总会伸出协助之手。
3）标明曩昔情况中的―期望、―倾向，多用于否定句。
??no matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .
??不管作业有多难，他总会持之以恒地把它干完。 ???
??they knew that we would never permit such a thing.
??他们晓得咱们绝不会答应发生这样的事。 ???
??even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .
??甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不愿离去。
选择
1. the population of the world ____ still ____ now. （2009·甘肃兰州）
a.?has; grown ?????b.?is; growing ?????c.?will; grow ????d.?is;?grown
2. —good evening. i _______ to see miss mary. （2009·甘肃兰州）
—oh, good evening. i’m sorry, but she is not in.
a. have?come?? ?????b. come? ??????c. came ???????d. had come
3.?— it’s time for dinner. where?is your father, emma??
— he?______ his bike in the yard. ?（2009·新疆阜康）
a. clean?? ??b. cleaned???? c. is cleaning???? d. will clean
4. if you???????carefully, you???????the report well. （2009·广州）
a. will listen; will be understood???????b. will listen; understand
c. listen; will understand????????d. listen; understand
5. they?????????about eight hundred english words by the end of last term. （2009·广州）
a. will learn ???b. had learned??????c. are going to learn ???d. have learned
6. —how did the accident happen??（2009·广州）
—you know, it???????difficult to see the road clearly because it??????.
a. was; was raining ???? b. is; has rained
c. is; is raining ??????? d. will be; will rain
7. attention, please. there ????????a football game between china and korea this evening.
a. is going to be ??b. has been ??c. has ?d. will have
8. —what does your sister like doing in her?spare time？
—she??????watching tv.?（2009·湖北武汉）
a.?likes??????b.?liked ????c.?has liked ????d.?had liked
9. —when?????????jessy????????to new?york？
—yesterday.?（2009·湖北武汉）
a.?does;?get ????b.?did;?get ????c.?has;?got ????d.?had;?got
10. —how clean the bedroom is!?（2009·湖北武汉）
—yes,?i am sure that someone????????it.
a.?cleans?????b.?cleaned????c.?has cleaned ????d.?had cleaned
11.?my friend ______ me. i have to leave now. （2009·河北）
a. waits for ???b. waited for ???c. is waiting for ???d. was waiting for
12.?be sure to let tom know the notice as soon as he ______.（2009·河北）
a. will arrive ?????b. was arriving ?????c. arrives ??????d. arrived
13.?i ______ the wrong thing. can i use your eraser? （2009·河北）
a. write ?????b. wrote ?????c. am writing ??????d. will write
14.?—are you going to help john with his chinese this evening??（2009·山东威海）
—no, he ______ to england. he will be back next month.
a. returned ?????b. has returned ?????c. returns ??????d. will return
15.?—who’s won the first prize in the competition??（2009·山东烟台）
—henry______ . he has ______ it for a week.
a. is, won ?????b. is, got ?????c. has, had ?????d. has, been given
16.?—is this the place that you ______ ??（2009·四川成都）
—no. i’ve never been there before.
a. have visited ?????b. will visit ????????c. are visiting ?????d.would visit
17. it ______ outside. you’d better take an umbrella with you.?（2009·江西）
a.?rains ?b.?is raining ???c.?rained?????d. has rained
18. —can?i help you??（2009·江西）
—i bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______ work.
a.?won’t???b.?didn’t ???c.?doesn’t?????d. wouldn’t
19. i used to love this film when i was young, but i ______ it that way any more.?（2009·江苏南京）
a.?don’t feel???b.?didn’t feel ???c.?haven’t felt????d. hadn’t felt
20. —how?was?your?trip?to?the?ancient?village??（2009·湖北宜昌）—fantastic!?we?___________to?a?museum?of?strange?stones.a.?go???????b.?went???c.?are?going??????d.?will?go
21. —where is peter??（2009·湖南娄底）
—he ??????????volleyball with his friends in the school gym.
a. plays b. played ?c. is playing??d.was playing
22.?—hello! can i speak to mr. white??（2009·江苏无锡）
—sorry, he isn’t here right now. he ______ to the theme park.
a. will go ????b. was going ????c. has gone ?????d. has been
23.?—______ you ______ your drawing??（2009·陕西绥德）
—not yet! it will be done in a few minutes.
???a. did; finish ???? b. will; finish ??? ?c. do; finish ?? ? ?d. have; finished
24.?she ______ as an animal trainer since 2003.?（2009.北京）
a. has worked ??????b. works ? ? ? c. will work ?? ? ? ?d. have worked
25.?they ______ her to the party, so she was very happy.?（2009.北京）
a. invite ??????b. invited ? ? ? c. will invite ?? ? ? ?d. are inviting
26.?mr. green ______ to the manager now. you’d better call him later.?（2009.北京）
a. talk ???????b. talked? ? ? c. is talking ?? ? ? ?d. was talking
27.?prison break?is the best american tv play that i ______ these years.?（2009.安徽）
a. watch ??????b. will watch ??? ?c. have watched ?? ? ?d. was watching
28.?—alice, turn down the tv, please. i _________ on the phone.
—oh, sorry.?（2009.安徽）
a. have talked ??????b.?talked ????? ? ? c. am talking?? ? ? ?d. talk
29.?— where are the greens, may i ask??（2009·吉林通化）
— well, they ______ to england. they have been there for nearly a week now.
a. have been b. are going to c. have gone ?d. will go
30.the teachers_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. we didn’t meet them.
a. had been away from ????b. had left ???c. have been away from ??d. have left
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